PICA (The Palestine Jewish Colonization Association)
- PICA (The Palestine Jewish Colonization Association)
- PICA (The Palestine Jewish Colonization
Association), society for Jewish settlement in Palestine, active
between 1924 and 1957. In 1923, as a result of the rapid development of
his settlement projects in Palestine, baron edmond de rothschild
decided to establish a separate body to achieve his ideal. The new
association, headed by his son James, took over from the
jewish colonization association (ICA), which had
managed the villages assisted by the Baron since 1900.
PICA was officially recognized by the Mandatory
authorities in 1924.
PICA founded and assisted Jewish settlement in the
moshavot Pardes Ḥannah and Binyaminah, in moshavim such as Naḥalat
Jabotinsky, Bet Ḥananyah, Shadmot Devorah, and Sedeh Eli'ezer, and in
kibbutzim such as Ashdot Ya'akov, Ma'yan Ẓevi, and Kefar Glickson. It
also engaged in swamp drainage (e.g., at Kabarah in 1925), afforestation
(at Ḥaderah), stabilization of sand dunes, and agricultural research and
modernization. It gave financial support to cultural institutions,
including the Hebrew University and the Technion, and developed the
industrial enterprises started by Baron de Rothschild, though it always
tried in some way to link its efforts in industry with agriculture or
land. After 1948 it modernized and expanded the Grands Moulins flour
mill, Haifa, and the salt works at Athlit, as well as acquiring shares
in Fertilizers and Chemicals, Haifa, and other enterprises. On the death
of James de Rothschild in 1957, PICA wound up its
operations and transferred its considerable property to the State of
Israel.
-BIBLIOGRAPHY:
PICA, Memorandum and Articles of Association
(1924); idem, Memorandum Submitted to the United Nations Special
Committee on Palestine (1947); idem, Exchange of Letters
between Mrs James A. de Rothschild… and Mr. David Ben Gurion…
(1958); PICA: Ha-Ḥevrah le-Hityashevut ha-Yehudim
be-Ereẓ-Yisrael (1957).
(Avital Levy)
Encyclopedia Judaica.
1971.
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